STRUCTURE TO FOLLOW WHEN UPDATING THE INFORMATION FOR SOURCES AND METHODS:

Source :	- Indicate where the data comes from, i.e. the name of the agency or the complete citation of the publication. - Refer to the full title of the original survey collection, administrative source, database or publication. - Add URL for web site where more information can be found.
Coverage	Indicate the data coverage if it is less than complete (geographical, population, institutions, etc).
Periodicity	Indicate the frequency of observations if data is not collected every year.
Deviation from the definition	Indicate if the data supplied does not match the OECD definition.
Deviation from calculation method	- Describe the calculation method if it differs from the method proposed by the OECD Secretariat. - Explain if data is an estimation, interpolation or any other relevant information.
Break in time series	Indicate if there is a break in the time series (due to changing definition, source or calculation method).

Please follow this structure for every entry concerning your country, so as to reorganise the information already provided. Note that you do not need to add the titles of fields in your text, but just need to follow the order of the fields.

Life expectancy at birth and at various ages (40, 60, 65, 80)

Life expectancy at birth and ages 40, 60, 65 and 80 is the average number of years that a person at that age can be expected to live, assuming that age-specific mortality levels remain constant.

Sources and Methods

For the 22 European countries, the main data source is the Eurostat NewCronos database.

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Demographic Yearbook.

Neonatal mortality

The number of deaths of children under 28 days of age in a given year, expressed per 1,000 live births.

Sources and Methods

For the 22 European countries, the main data source is the Eurostat NewCronos database.

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Demographic Yearbook.

Perinatal mortality

The ratio of deaths of children within one week of birth (early neonatal deaths) plus foetal deaths of minimum gestation period 28 weeks or minimum foetal weight of 1000g, expressed per 1,000 births.

Note that some variations exist in the definitions for some countries, particularly with regard to foetal deaths, and as such care should be exercised when making comparisons between countries.

Sources and Methods

For the 22 European countries, the main data source is the Eurostat NewCronos database.

Hungary

National Statistical Office, Demographic Yearbook.
* The definition of perinatal deaths is regulated by a ministerial order (34. /1999), according to which a late foetal death is a foetal death of 24 weeks or older (not 28 weeks), or if the age of foetus cannot be determined, a weight of at least 500 g or a length of at least 30 cm. So, perinatal deaths are late foetal deaths (as defined here) plus deaths within 7 days.

Maternal mortality

Number of maternal deaths, all causes, per 100 000 live births (ICD-10 codes O00-O99).
Note: the maternal mortality series records very small numbers so there are likely to be large annual fluctuations.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Demographic Yearbook.

Perceived

health status

Health >= good, female, 15-24
Health >= good, female, 25-44
Health >= good, female, 45-64
Health >= good, female, 65+
Health >= good, female, all ages
Health >= good, male, 15-24
Health >= good, male, 25-44
Health >= good, male, 45-64
Health >= good, male, 65+
Health >= good, male, all ages
Health >= good, total, 15-24
Health >= good, total, 25-44
Health >= good, total, 45-64
Health >= good, total, 65+
Health >= good, total, all ages

Perceived health status

Percentage of the population, aged 15 or more years who report their health to be 'good' or better.

There is not yet a full standardization in the measurement of perceived health status across OECD countries. A standard health interview survey instrument has been recommended to measure this variable.
The recommendation is described in detail in the publication: "Health Interview Surveys: Towards International Harmonization of Methods and Instruments," WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1996 and is as follows:
How is your health in general?
* Very good
* Good
* Fair
* Bad
* Very bad

Not all countries have adopted this standardized instrument. Differences in the questions and response categories used in national health surveys from this standardized instrument are listed in the sources & methods below.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Johan Béla National Center of Epidemiology, National Population Health Survey (OLEF).
* Questionnaire survey based on representative samples, started in 2000, repeated in every 3 years. The survey is conducted for the population aged 18 years and over (not 15).

Low birthweight

Number of live births weighing less than 2500 grams as a percentage of total number of live births.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Demographic Yearbook.

Congenital anomalies

Rate of selected congenital anomalies per 10, 000 total births (includes live births and still births). 

Selected Congenital Anomalies	Description	ICD 10	ICD 9
Spina Bifida	Midline defect of the osseous spine usually affecting the posterior arches resulting in a herniation or exposure of the spinal cord and/or meninges	Q05	741.0-741.9
Transposition of great vessels, non-corrected	Includes various degrees of transposition of the great vessels and inversion of the heart chambers.	Q20.3	745.1 excluding 745.12
Limb reduction	Total or partial absence or severe hypoplasia of skeletal structure of the limbs.	Q71-Q73	755.2-755.4
Down’s syndrome	Trisomy 21	Q90	758.0

Sources & Methods

Two primary sources of data on birth defects are the European Registration of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) register and the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems (ICBDMS). Most programmes collect population-based data and others gather hospital-based data. There are important differences between the methods of data collection used by different programmes in countries; therefore, comparison across countries must be conducted with caution.
For further information, please visit the EUROCAT website at: eurocat.ulster.ac.uk and the ICBDMS website at: www.icbd.org.

Hungary

"Johan Béla” National Center of Epidemiology, Register of Congenital Anomalies (VRONY).
* The corresponding ICD10 codes are: Transposition of great vessels Q200-Q209.

Decayed, missing, filled teeth at age 12

Average number of teeth missing, filled or decayed in children at age 12.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Prevention Service for Child Dental Care of Budapest.
* Data collection started in 1985 and takes place every 5 years.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Number of AIDS cases and incidence rates per million populations at year of diagnosis.

Please note that data are provisional due to reporting delays which sometimes can be for several years depending on the country.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Demographic Yearbook.

* Johan Béla National Center of Epidemiology, Reported infectious diseases, repeated in every year

Injuries in road traffic accidents

Number of people injured in road traffic accidents per million population.

Sources & Methods

UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE, Statistics of Road Traffic Accidents in Europe and North America (several issues), has been used as a source for most OECD countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Sweden and Turkey have supplied data directly).

The following definitions are used in this report:
Road traffic accident:
An accident which occurred or originated on a way or street open to public traffic; resulted in one or more persons being killed or injured, and at least one moving vehicle was involved. These accidents therefore include collisions between vehicles, between vehicles and pedestrians and between vehicles and animals or fixed obstacles. Single vehicle accidents in which one vehicle alone (and no other road user) was involved are included. Multi-vehicle collisions are counted only as one accident provided that the successive collisions happened at very short intervals
Injured:
Any person who was not killed but sustained one or more serious or slight injuries as a result of the accident.
Serious injuries:
Fractures, concussions, internal lesions, crushing, severe cuts and laceration, severe general shock requiring medical treatment and any other serious lesions entailing detention in hospital.
Slight injuries:
Secondary injuries such as sprains or bruises. Persons complaining of shock, but who have not sustained other injuries should not be considered in the statistics as having been injured unless they show very clear symptoms of shock and have received medical treatment or appeared to required medical attention.

Please note that some countries include people killed in road traffic accidents. Differences in definition are noted in the country specific notes below.

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook.
* From 1990, data include all persons injured in road accidents, regardless whether they are slight, serious, or fatal victims. Before 1990, data include only slight and serious injuries, excluding fatal injuries.

Self-reported absence from work due to illness

The number of self-reported work days lost per year due to illness per employed person.

Sources & Methods

Labor force, general social or health surveys.

Hungary

No data available.

Compensated absence from work due to illness

The number of compensated work days lost per year due to illness per employed person.

Sources & Methods

Administrative sources responsible for compensating absence from work due to illness (e.g., social security, public or private insurance agencies).

Please note that differences in the coverage of the working population and in reporting systems limits the comparability of data across countries.

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook.
* According to the 1992 Act on Labour Code an employee is eligible for 15 workdays (between 1992 and 1995 for 10 workdays) of sick leave due to illness, the expenses of which are assumed by the employer. Sick benefits for the eligible employee are granted only upon completion of sick leave. Sick benefits provide supplementary wages for the days of the incapacity period.

Total health employment

Number of persons (head counts) and number of full-time equivalent (FTE) persons, employed (including self-employed) in health services, including 'contracted out' staff and excluding pharmaceutical and medical equipment manufacturing employees. Administrative staff, private for-profit and non-profit medical benefit insurers are included. Health professionals working outside health services are excluded (e.g. physicians employed in industry). Full-time equivalent conversions vary across countries but are taken, unless otherwise noted, to be weighted on the basis of the standard or normal working time.
Note: the following classes of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) are involved.

ISIC Class	Description
8511	Hospital activities
8512	Medical and dental practice activities
8519	Other human health activities
5231*	Retail sale of pharmaceutical and medical goods, cosmetic and toilet articles
5239*	Other retail sales not elsewhere classified
7512*	Regulation of the activities of agencies that provide health care education, cultural services and other social services excluding social security
7530*	Compulsory social security activities
6603*	Non-life insurance

* Only employees in health activities that fall under these classes should be included.

Note: Most countries report to a somewhat narrower concept corresponding to ISIC class 851"Human health activities."

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics.
* FTE.
* Physicians, pharmacists and paramedical personnel. Excluding health personnel working in private specialists' services of unique specialty.
* From 2000 the number of posts in health services. Included are all physicians, pharmacists, health professionals, economic, technical, management and ancillary employees working in outpatient, inpatient, dental and primary care services, as well as in the services of public health, ambulance, blood supply and in the fields of university and college education and public administration, expressed as a number of full-time equivalent persons.

Total hospital employment

Number of persons employed (head counts), and number of full-time equivalent (FTE) persons employed in general and specialty hospitals, including specialized institutions for rehabilitation and long-term nursing care. Self-employed are included.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook of Health Statistics.
* FTE.
* Including physicians, nurses and other health personnel, and hospital pharmacists.
* From 2000 the number of posts in inpatient services. Included are all physicians, pharmacists, health professionals, economic, technical management and ancillary employees working in acute and chronic care, rehabilitation, after care, expressed as a number of full-time equivalent persons.

Practising physicians, female practising physicians, practising general practitioners, practising specialists

The number of physicians, general practitioners and specialists (including self-employed) who are actively practicing medicine in public and private institutions. The data should exclude dentists, stomatologists, qualified physicians who are working abroad, working in administration, research and industry positions. Data should include foreign physicians licensed to practice and actively practicing medicine in the country.

Physicians:

Country	Head count or FTE	Includes non-practicing physicians also (a)	Includes retired professionals	Includes professionals who are foreigners	Includes professionals who are working abroad	Estimation method
Australia	head	no	no	yes	no	annual
Austria	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Belgium	head	yes	no	yes	no	annual
Canada	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Czech Republic	FTE	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Denmark	head	yes	no	yes	no	annual
Finland	head	yes	no	no	no	31/12
France	head	yes	no	yes		01/01
Germany	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Greece	head	no	no	no	no	annual
Hungary	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Iceland	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Ireland	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Italy	head	yes	no	yes	no	annual
Japan	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Korea	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Luxembourg	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Mexico	head	no	no	yes	no	annual
Netherlands	head	yes	yes	partly	no	31/12
New Zealand	head	yes	no	yes	no	01/07
Norway	FTE		no	yes	no
Poland	head	no	yes		no	31/12
Portugal	head	yes	yes	yes	yes	31/12
Slovak Republic	head	yes				annual
Spain	head	no	no	yes	no	annual
Sweden	head	yes	no	yes	no	01/01
Switzerland	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Turkey	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
UK	head	no	no	yes	no	NHS Census
USA	head	yes	no	yes	no	Census

a) Without medical practice means the person may work in research and development (R&D) activities, administrative functions, or be unemployed.

General Practitioners:

Country	Head count or FTE	Includes non-practicing physicians also (a)	Includes retired professionals	Includes professionals who are foreigners	Includes professionals who are working abroad	Estimation method
Australia	head	no	no	yes	no	annual
Austria	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Canada	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Czech Republic	FTE	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Denmark	head	yes	no	yes	no	annual
Finland	head	yes	no	no	no	31/12
France	head	yes	no	yes		01/01
Germany	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Greece	head	no	no	no	no	annual
Hungary	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Iceland	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Ireland	head	no	no	yes	no	annual
Italy	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Luxembourg	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Mexico	head		no	yes	no	annual
Netherlands	head		no	yes	no	31/12
New Zealand	head	yes	no	yes	no	01/07
Norway	FTE	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Poland	head	no	yes		no	31/12
Portugal	head	yes	yes	yes	yes	31/12
Slovak Republic	head	yes				annual
Spain	head	yes	no		no
Sweden	head	yes	no	yes	no	01/01
Switzerland	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Turkey	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
UK	head	no	no	yes	no	NHS Census
USA	head	no	no	yes	no	Census

a) Without medical practice means the person may work in research and development (R&D) activities, administrative functions, or be unemployed.

Specialists:

Country	Head count or FTE	Includes non-practicing physicians also (a)	Includes retired professionals	Includes professionals who are foreigners	Includes professionals who are working abroad	Estimation method
Australia	head	no	no	yes	no	annual
Austria	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Belgium	head	yes	no	yes	no	annual
Canada	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Czech Republic	FTE	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Denmark	head	yes	no	yes	no	annual
Finland	head	yes	no	no	no	31/12
France	head	yes	no	yes		01/01
Germany	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Greece	head	no	no	no	no	annual
Hungary	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Ireland	head	no	no	yes	no	01/01
Luxembourg	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Mexico	head		no	yes	no	annual
Netherlands	head	yes	yes	yes	no	31/12
New Zealand	head	yes	no	yes	no	01/07
Poland	head	no	yes		no	31/12
Portugal	head	yes	yes	yes	yes	31/12
Slovak Republic	head	yes				annual
Spain	head	yes	no		no	annual
Sweden	head	yes	no	yes	no	01/01
Turkey	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
UK	head	no	no	yes	no	NHS Census
USA	head	no	no	yes	no	Census

a) Without medical practice means the person may work in research and development (R&D) activities, administrative functions, or be unemployed.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics (from 1990).
* Physicians:
Practising physicians (including residents, excluded: dentists) reported to the National Register of Physicians.
For years up to 1979 dentists are included under physicians; from 1980 dentists are not included in the physician series.
Data from 1987 to 1989 have been estimated as the Statistical Yearbooks were not published over those years.
From 1990: The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central Statistical Office ”Number of active physicians by sex and specialization”. In making the account the physicians’ last specialization is taken into consideration. From 2000 the registry of physicians is prepared by the Hungarian Medical Association (MOK). In the first two years of the transition the Central Statistical Office could not provide data. Includes all working physicians (specialists and non-specialists, excluding dentists).
* General Practitioners:
Until 1990 included: Family doctors and non-specialists, residents. Excluded: non-specialized dentists.
For the period 1968-1979: number of family practitioner's district with a working family practitioner. This number maybe more than the number of family practitioners because one physician might work in two districts. Since 1980: number of family practitioners.
From 1990: The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central Statistical Office ” Number of GPs” and ” Number of family paediatricians”.
* Specialists:
Until 1990 practising physicians with any speciality reported to the National Register of Physicians except family medicine and dentists.
From 1990: The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central Statistical Office ”Number of active physicians by sex and specialization”. In making the account the physicians’ last specialization is taken into consideration. From 2000 the registry of physicians is prepared by the Hungarian Medical Association (MOK). In the first two years of the transition the Central Statistical Office could not provide data. Includes all working specialist physicians (excluding GPs, family paediatricians, dentists).

Practising dentists

Number of dentists (self-employed or employed by others). The data excludes qualified dentists working abroad, but includes foreign dentists licensed to practice.

Sources & Methods

Country	Head count or FTE	Includes non-practicing dentists (a)	Includes retired professionals	Includes professionals who are foreigners	Includes professionals who are working abroad	Estimation method
Australia	head	no	no	yes	no	annual
Austria	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Belgium	head	yes		yes	no
Canada	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Czech Republic	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Denmark	head	no	no	yes	no	annual
Finland	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
France	head-FTE	yes	no	yes	no	01/01
Germany	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Greece	head	no	no	yes	no	annual
Hungary	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Iceland	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Ireland	head	yes	no	yes	yes	31/12
Italy	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
Japan	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Korea	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Luxembourg	head	no	no	yes	no	31/12
Mexico	head	yes	no	yes	no	annual
Netherlands	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
New Zealand	head	no	no	yes	no	July
Norway	FTE
Poland	head	no	yes		no	31/12
Portugal	head	yes	yes			31/12
Slovak Republic	head
Spain	head	yes	yes	yes	yes	annual
Sweden	head	no	no	yes	no	different
Switzerland	head	yes	no	yes	no	annual
Turkey	head	yes	no	yes	no	31/12
UK	head-FTE	no	no	yes	no
USA	head	yes	no	yes	no

a) Without dental practice means the person may work in research and development (R&D) activities, administrative functions, or be unemployed.

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics (from 1990).
* Practising dentists reported to the National Register of Physicians.
* Included: specialized and non-specialized dentists, stomatologists, odontologists, orthodontologists.
* The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central Statistical Office ”Number of active physicians by sex and specialization”. In making the account the physicians’ last specialization is taken into consideration. From 2000 the registry of physicians is prepared by the Hungarian Medical Association (MOK). In the first two years of the transition the Central Statistical Office could not provide data. Includes all working dentists, including specialist and non-specialist dentists.

Practising pharmacists

Number of pharmacists (self-employed or employed by others). The data exclude full-time salaried pharmacists working in hospitals and in pharmaceutical manufacturing corporations as well as pharmacists working abroad. They include foreign pharmacists licensed to practise.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics.
* Pharmacists working in public pharmacies and hospital pharmacies.

Practising certified/registered nurses

Total number of certified/registered nurses actively practising in public and private hospitals, clinics and other health facilities, including self-employed. Fully-qualified nurses (with post-secondary education in nursing) and associate/practical/vocational nurses (with a lower level of nursing skills but also usually registered) should be included.

Exclusion:
- Nursing aids/assistants and care workers who do not have any recognized qualification/certification in nursing.
- Midwives (however registered nurses working part-time as midwives should be included).
- Nurses working abroad, working in administrative, research and industry positions.

Sources & Methods

Country	Head count or FTE	Includes non-practicing nurses also (a)	Includes retired professionals	Includes self-employed	Includes professionals who are foreigners	Includes professionals who are working abroad
Australia	head	no	no	yes	yes	no
Austria	head	no	no	no	yes	no
Belgium	head
Canada	head	yes	no	yes	yes	no
Czech Rep.	head	no	no	yes	yes	no
Denmark	head	no	no	no	yes	no
Finland	head	yes	no	yes	no	no
France	FTE-head	yes	no	yes	yes	no
Germany	FTE (1)	no	no	yes	yes	no
Greece	head	yes	no		no	no
Hungary	head	no	no	yes	yes	no
Iceland	head	yes	no	yes	yes	no
Ireland	head	no	no	yes	yes	no
Italy	head	no	no	no	yes	no
Japan	head	no	no	yes	yes	no
Korea	head	no	no		yes	no
Luxembourg	FTE
Mexico	head
Norway	FTE
Netherlands	head	yes			yes	no
N. Zealand	head	yes	no	yes	yes	no
Portugal	head (1)		no	no	yes	no
Poland	head	no	yes			no
Spain	head	no	no	yes	yes	no
Sweden	head	no (1)	no	yes	yes	no
Switzerland	head
Turkey	head	yes	no	no	yes	no
UK	head	no	no	no	yes	no
USA	head	yes	no	yes	yes	no

a) Non-practicing means the person may work in administration, research, in another field or be unemployed.
1) See country notes.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics.
* 2 and 3 years of study are required to qualify as a nurse.
* Included: nurses in hospital.
* Included: general and specialized nurses (who actually work with in-patients in acute or long-term care or nursing homes), doctor’s assistants, specialized assistants (working in ambulatory care), dietetic nurses, and maternity nurses. Dentist’s assistants and medical gymnastics trainers are excluded. Nurses may have a high-school or college degree. Both are included.
* From 1990: The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central Statistical Office ”Number of posts and the staff of ancillary workers by activity”. Similar to the HFA definition we included all nurses working in the field of the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick and rehabilitation who received nursing education for at least 2 years, including nurses with college education, assistants, dieteticians, physical therapists, ambulance nurses and officers, mother and child health nurses, midwives. Excluded are assistant nurses, nurses working in social care, pharmacy assistants, health educators, masseurs, sterilizers, patient transporters, etc.
* Due to differently interpreted definition from 1990 the headcount, in line with the definition, is significantly larger than before in the narrower definition of nurse headcount, causing a major break in the data series.

Total hospital beds

All available hospital beds (occupied or unoccupied) which are immediately available to be used by an admitted patient if required. All types of hospitals should be included (general hospitals, mental health hospitals and other specialty hospitals), in all sectors (public, not-for-profit and private hospitals).
- Exclusions: provisional beds, beds for accompanying persons, cots for healthy infants, recovery trolleys, emergency stretchers, and beds designated for same-day care. Beds in wards which were closed for any reason should also be excluded.

NOTE: Acute care beds are a sub-set of total hospital beds. Refer to the sources and Methods below for further details.

Sources and Methods

Hungary

Gyogyinfok (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).
*Sum of acute care beds and long-term care beds.

Acute care beds

Hospital beds available for acute care, defined as “curative care” as per the OECD Manual 'A system of Health Accounts' (2000).

Acute care beds are “beds accommodating patients where the principal clinical intent is to do one or more of the following: manage labour (obstetric), cure illness or provide definitive treatment of injury, perform surgery, relieve symptoms of illness or injury (excluding palliative care), reduce severity of illness or injury, protect against exacerbation and/or complication of an illness and/or injury which could threaten life or normal functions, perform diagnostic or therapeutic procedures”.

Sources and Methods

Hungary

Gyogyinfok (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).
* Acute care beds: Available acute beds on December 31 including acute psychiatrc beds, excluding day-care hospitals.
* In private sector, there are data available only on beds in hospitals financed by the National Health Insurance Fund, these are included in bed stock. Break in private beds series: beds of funds and churches are included since 1994. We have very few private hospitals, the data cover practically the whole in-patient provider sector.

Long-term care beds

Beds for people who need assistance on a continuing basis due to chronic impairments and a reduced degree of independence in activities of daily living. These beds can be provided in different institutional settings, including hospitals, nursing homes and the like.

Note: This definition is compatible with the OECD Manual 'A System of Health Accounts' (2000).

Additional information and estimation methods for long-term care beds

Sources and Methods

Hungary

Gyogyinfok (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).
Available long-term care beds on December 31. It includes long-term psychiatric, pulmonary, rehabilitative, geriatric beds of curative intent in hospitals. It also includes beds with nursing care in hospitals. Beds of standalone nursing homes are not included.
* In private sector, there are data available only on beds in hospitals financed by the National Health Insurance Fund, these are included in bed stock. Break in private beds series: beds of funds and churches are included since 1994. We have very few private hospitals, the data cover practically the whole in-patient provider sector.

Acute care hospital staff ratio

The number of staff employed in hospitals and other institutions, where the primary focus of activity is on acute care in-patients, divided by the number of available beds.
Note: A proxy variable is the number of full-time salaried doctors, nurses and administrators (including contracted-out staff) divided by the number of available beds.
Caution should be exercised in making cross country comparisons as some countries calculate using Full Time Equivalent staff while others use headcounts.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics.
* The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central Statistical Office ”Number of posts by performed task and scope of activity in the health service”. The number of all physicians, pharmacists, health professionals, economic, technical, management and ancillary employees working in acute inpatient care devided by the number of available beds, calculated in FTE as of 31 December.

Acute care nurses staff ratio

The number of first and second level nurses employed in hospitals and other institutions, where the primary focus of activity is on acute care delivered to in-patients, divided by the number of available beds.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics.
* The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central Statistical Office ”Number of posts by performed task and scope of activity in the health service”. The number of all health professionals working in acute inpatient care devided by the number of available beds, calculated in FTE as of 31 December. Included are all nurses working in the field of the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick and rehabilitation, who received nursing education for at least 2 years: nurses with colllege education, assistants, dieteticians, physical therapists, ambulance nurses and officers, mother and child health nurses, midwives, assistant nurses, pharmacy assistants, health educators, masseurs, sterilizers, patient transporters, etc.

Computed tomography scanners

Number of computed tomography (CT) scanners, also known as 'CAT' scans for computed axial tomography. CT scanners image anatomical information from a cross sectional plane of the body. Each image is generated by a computer synthesis of x-ray transmission data obtained in many different directions in a given plane.

Sources & Methods

The definition is based on Stedman’s Concise Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions, 1997.

Hungary

Hungarian National Institute for Hospital and Medical Engineering.
* Equipment used in military hospitals (belonging to the Ministry of Defense) and the health institutes of Hungarian State Railways are not included.
>From 2000, Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (OEP), Statistical Yearbook.
* Operators in contract with the National Health Insurance Fund, as of 31 December.

Magnetic resonance imaging units

Number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) units.
Note that MRI refer to a diagnostic modality in which the magnetic nuclei (especially protons) of a patient are aligned in a strong, uniform magnetic field, absorb energy from tuned radio frequency pulses, and emit radio frequency signals as their excitation decays. These signals, which vary in intensity according to nuclear abundance and molecular chemical environment, are converted into sets of tomographic images by using field gradients in the magnetic field, which permit 3-D localization of the point sources of the signals. Unlike conventional radiography or CT, MRI does not expose patients to ionizing radiation.

Sources & Methods

The definition is based on Stedman’s Concise Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions, 1997.

Hungary

Hungarian National Institute for Hospital and Medical Engineering.
* Equipment used in military hospitals (belonging to the Ministry of Defense) and the health institutes of Hungarian State Railways are not included.
From 2000, Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (OEP), Statistical Yearbook.
* Operators contracted by the National Health Insurance Fund, as of 31 December.

Radiation therapy equipment

Number of equipment for treatment with x-rays or radionuclide. This includes:
* Linear accelerators
* Cobalt-60 units
* Caesium-137 telepathy units
* Low to orthovoltage x-ray units

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Hungarian National Institute for Hospital and Medical Engineering.
* Radiation therapy equipment doesn’t include brachytherapy units (which are not registered).
* Equipment used in military hospitals (belonging to the Ministry of Defense) and the health institutes of Hungarian State Railways are not included.

Lithotriptors

The number of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripters.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Hungarian National Institute for Hospital and Medical Engineering.
* Equipment used in military hospitals (belonging to the Ministry of Defense) and the health institutes of Hungarian State Railways are not included.

Mammographs

Number of dedicated mammography machines (those designed exclusively for taking mammograms). The code is: CIM9 87.37.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Hungarian National Institute for Hospital and Medical Engineering.
* Equipment used in military hospitals (belonging to the Ministry of Defense) and the health institutes of Hungarian State Railways are not included.

General practitioners' income

General Practice: General practice includes fully-qualified general practitioners. Physicians in training are excluded.

Salaried: Physicians who are employees and who receive most of their income via a salary. For the self-employed, practice expenses are excluded where possible.

Self-employed: Those physicians who are primarily non-salaried. That is, they are either self-employed, or operate independently, usually receiving (mainly) either capitation or fee-for-service reimbursement. net of deductible business expenditure.

Income: Wages and salaries include the values of any social contributions, income taxes, etc. payable by the employee even if they are actually withheld by the employer and paid directly to social insurance schemes, tax authorities, etc. on behalf of the employee. Wages and salaries do not include social contributions payable by the employer. Wages and salaries include: all gratuities, bonuses, ex gratia payments, "thirteenth month payments", severance payments, lodging, transport, cost-of-living, and family allowances, tips, commission, attendance fees, etc. received by employees, as well as taxes, social security contributions and other amounts payable by employees and withheld at source by the employer. Wages and salaries which the employer continues to pay in the event of illness, occupational accident, maternity leave or short-time working may be recorded here or under social security costs, dependent upon the unit's accounting practices.

Taken from Eurostat Concepts and Definitions (http://forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/coded/info/data/coded/en/gl006997.htm).

Note on the data collected:

1. Average annual income of general practice physicians who receive most of their income through a salaried arrangement. (Note: as the definition above states, the average income should include the salary and additional income received through work as a physician).
2. Average annual income of general practice physicians who receive most of their income through self-employment or other independent arrangement.
For physicians who are both salaried and operate in a self-employed or independent capacity, they would fall under the category where through which they receive the majority of their compensation.

Sources and Methods

Hungary

National Institute for Strategic Health Research - ESKI.
*From 2003 it is the task of ESKI to collect wage and headcount data for the health sector. In the year 2003 data collection was mandatory only in the state and local government sphere, thus we are able to provide data only for public employees.

Specialists' income

Specialists: Fully-qualified physicians who have specialized and work primarily in areas other than general practice. Physicians in training are excluded.

Salaried: Physicians who are employees and who receive most of their income via a salary. For the self-employed, practice expenses are excluded where possible.

Self-employed: Those physicians who are primarily non-salaried. That is, they are either self-employed, or operate independently, usually receiving (mainly) either capitation or fee-for-service reimbursement. net of deductible business expenditure.

Income: Wages and salaries include the values of any social contributions, income taxes, etc. payable by the employee even if they are actually withheld by the employer and paid directly to social insurance schemes, tax authorities, etc. on behalf of the employee. Wages and salaries do not include social contributions payable by the employer. Wages and salaries include: all gratuities, bonuses, ex gratia payments, "thirteenth month payments", severance payments, lodging, transport, cost-of-living, and family allowances, tips, commission, attendance fees, etc. received by employees, as well as taxes, social security contributions and other amounts payable by employees and withheld at source by the employer. Wages and salaries which the employer continues to pay in the event of illness, occupational accident, maternity leave or short-time working may be recorded here or under social security costs, dependent upon the unit's accounting practices.

Taken from Eurostat Concepts and Definitions (http://forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/coded/info/data/coded/en/gl006997.htm).

Note on the data collected:

1. Average annual income of specialist physicians who receive most of their income through a salaried arrangement. (Note: as the definition above states, the average income should include the salary and additional income received through work as a physician).
2. Average annual income of specialist physicians who receive most of their income through self-employment or other independent arrangement. Where applicable, practice expenses are excluded.

Sources and Methods

Hungary

National Institute for Strategic Health Research - ESKI.
*From 2003 it is the task of ESKI to collect wage and headcount data for the health sector. In the year 2003 data collection was mandatory only in the state and local government sphere, thus we are able to provide data only for public employees.

Hospital nurses' income

Nurses: Certified/registered nurses actively practising in public and private hospitals, including fully-qualified nurses (with post-secondary education in nursing) and associate/practical/vocational nurses (with a lower level of nursing skills but also usually registered).

Exclusion:
- Nursing aids/assistants and care workers who do not have any recognized qualification/certification in nursing.
- Nurses in training.
- Midwives (however registered nurses working part-time as midwives should be included).
- Nurse managers.

Salaried: Nurses who are hospital employees and who receive most of their income via a salary.

Income: Wages and salaries include the values of any social contributions, income taxes, etc. payable by the employee even if they are actually withheld by the employer and paid directly to social insurance schemes, tax authorities, etc. on behalf of the employee. Wages and salaries do not include social contributions payable by the employer. Wages and salaries include: all gratuities, bonuses, ex gratia payments, "thirteenth month payments", severance payments, lodging, transport, cost-of-living, and family allowances, tips, commission, attendance fees, etc. received by employees, as well as taxes, social security contributions and other amounts payable by employees and withheld at source by the employer. Wages and salaries which the employer continues to pay in the event of illness, occupational accident, maternity leave or short-time working may be recorded here or under social security costs, dependent upon the unit's accounting practices.

Taken from Eurostat Concepts and Definitions (http://forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/coded/info/data/coded/en/gl006997.htm).

Note on the data collected: Average annual income of salaried nurses working in hospitals. (Note: as the definition above states, the average income should include the salary and additional income, such as bonuses or overtime compensation, received through work as a nurse).

Sources and Methods

Hungary

National Institute for Strategic Health Research - ESKI.
*From 2003 it is the task of ESKI to collect wage and headcount data for the health sector. In the year 2003 data collection was mandatory only in the state and local government sphere, thus we are able to provide data only for public employees.

Immunisation: Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis

Percentage of children reaching their first birthday who have been fully immunised against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis (DTP).

Note: The age of complete immunisation differs across countries due to different immunisation schedules.

Sources & Methods

Data has been extracted from the WHO-UNICEF review of national immunization coverage, 1980-2002 (www.who.int/vaccines-surveillance/whounicef-coverage-review/), except when mentioned otherwise:
- Data provided by countries has been included to complement the time series;
- Data has been provided directly by countries for Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Finland, France, Hungary, Iceland, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States.

See detailed Sources and Methods below.

In some countries Diphteria and tetanus, and Pertussis vaccines are administered separately. In a few countries however (Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxemburg), immunisation rates against pertussis is somewhat lower than vaccination rates against the two other diseases. In these cases, the data are those referring to immunisation against diphteria and tetanus.

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics.
* DTP vaccine is given in three doses at age 3, 4, and 5 months. The reported data refers to the rate of children who received all three shots.

Immunisation: measles

Percentage of children reaching their first birthday who have been fully immunised against measles.

Note: The age of complete immunisation differs across countries due to different immunisation schedules.

Sources & Methods

Data has been extracted from the WHO-UNICEF review of national immunization coverage, 1980-2002 (www.who.int/vaccines-surveillance/whounicef-coverage-review/), except when mentioned otherwise:
- Data provided by countries has been included to complement the time series;
- Data has been provided directly by countries for Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Finland, France, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States.

See detailed Sources and Methods below.

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics.

Immunisation against influenza among the eldery population (65+)

The proportion of people aged 65 and over who have been immunised against influenza (or “flu”) during the last 12 months.

Sources & Methods

The data comes in most cases from national population-based surveys.

Hungary

Johan Béla National Center of Epidemiology Epidemic Department

*In Hungary elderly people over 60 years of age receive influenza vaccination free of charge. We can provide the number of these persons as a percentage of the age 60+ population.

Doctors' consultations

The number of contacts with an ambulatory care physician divided by the population. Contacts in out-patient wards should be included.
The number of contacts includes:
- visits/ consultations of patients at the physician’s office;
- physician’s visits made to a person in institutional settings such as liaison visits or discharge planning visits, made in a hospital or nursing home with the intent of planning for the future delivery of service at home;
- telephone contacts when these are in lieu of a first home or hospital visit for the purpose of preliminary assessment for care at home;
- visits made to the patient’s home.

Note: The number of physician contacts according to the above definition is only a crude measure of the volume of services provided, as services are added regardless of their complexities. Several countries record only general practitioners, others include specialists.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics.
Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (OEP), Statistical Yearbook.
* Similar to the HFA definition, physician consultations include contacts of family practice, outpatient care, CT and MRI. By definition we did not include the episodes of dental care, and laboratory and pathology examinations. From 1994, the number of family practice contacts are taken from the Yearbook of Health Statistics by the Central Statistical Office; the number of outpatient, CTand MRI contacts are taken from the Statistical Yearbook by the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund.

Dentists' consultations

The number of ambulatory visits/consultations with a dentist divided by the population.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics.

Acute care beddays

A bedday is a day during which a person is confined to a bed and in which the patient stays overnight in a hospital. Day cases (patients admitted for a medical procedure or surgery in the morning and released before the evening) should be excluded.

Acute care (also referred to as 'curative and rehabilitative care' in the OECD manual "A System of Health Accounts") includes all types of medical care, excluding long-term care. It includes rehabilitative care, palliative care and acute psychiatric care. (Alternatively, acute care has been defined in previous editions of OECD Health Data as care provided to patients in an hospital or hospital department whose average length of stay is 30 days or less until the 1980s and 18 days or less after).

Sources & Methods

Hungary

GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).

Acute care occupancy rate

Number of acute care beds effectively occupied (beddays) in in-patient institutions divided by the number of available acute care beds and multiplied by 100.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).

Acute care turnover rate

Number of acute admissions (or discharges) divided by the number of available acute care beds.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).

Average length of stay by in-patient and acute care

Average length of stay is computed by dividing the number of days stayed (from the date of admission in an in-patient institution) by the number of discharges (including deaths) during the year.
For definitions of acute care, please refer to the chapter on acute care beds.

Note: Some countries may include deaths and discharges (separations) as well as same day separations and that caution should be exercised when making international comparisons due to the possibility that countries may provide data for different types of institutions.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).
* Data is missing in 1993, as this was a transitional year, with only the joint average nursing time for acute and chronic care being published by the Central Statistical Office (KSH). From 1994 onwards, data for inpatient care is provided by GYÓGYINFOK.

Average length of stay by diagnostic categories

Average length of stay (ALOS) is calculated by dividing the number of days stayed (from the date of admission in an in-patient institution) by the number of discharges (including deaths).
Diagnostic chapters (using principal diagnosis) have been defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision and 10th revision.
Note that some countries may include deaths and discharges as well as same day separations. Also, note that breaks in the series might be due to countries converting from ICD-9 to ICD-10.

ICD categories according to 10 ^th version	ICD-10	ICD-9
All causes	A00-Z99	001-999
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases	A00-B99	001-139
HIV disease	B20-B24	042-044
Malignant neoplasm	C00-C97	140-208
Malignant neoplasm of colon, rectum, recto sigmoid junction and anus	C18-C21	153-154
Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, lung	C33-C34	162
Malignant neoplasm of female breast	C50 (female)	174
Malignant neoplasm of prostate	C61	185
Diseases of the blood & blood-forming organs	D50-D89	280-289
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders	E00-E89	240-279
Diabetes mellitus	E10-E14	250
Diseases of nervous system and sense organs	G00-H95	320-389
Senile cataract	H25	366.1
Otitis media	H65-H66	381-382
Diseases of the circulatory system	I00-I99	390-459
Ischaemic heart disease	I20-I25	410-414
Acute myocardial infarction	I21-I22	410
Cerebrovascular disease	I60-I69	430-438
Diseases of the respiratory system	J00-J98	460-519
Pneumonia & influenza	J10-J18	480-487
Bronchitis, asthma and emphysema	J40-J43, J45, J46	490-493
Disease of the digestive system	K00-K92	520-579
Gastric, duodenal, peptic, ulcers	K25-K28	531-534
Appendicitis	K35-K38	540-543
Inguinal and femoral hernia	K40-K41	550
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	K70, K73-K74, K76	571
Cholelithiasis	K80	574
Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue	L00-L98	680-709
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue	M00-M99	710-739
Arthrosis	M15-M19	715
Intervertebral disc disorders	M50-M51	722
Osteoporosis	M80-M81	733.0
Diseases of the genitourinary system	N00-N99	580-629
Complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium	O00-O99	630-676
Normal delivery	O80	650
Certain conditions arising in the perinatal period	P00-P96	760-779
Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosonal abnormalities	Q00-Q99	740-759
Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, n.e.c.	R00-R99	780-799
Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes	S00-T98	800-999
Fracture of neck of femur	S72.0-S72.2	820

Sources & Methods

Hungary

GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).
* Breaks in the series "All categories n.e.c." come from the various changes made to this chapter, with this category becoming broader or narrower as a result.

Discharge rates by diagnostic categories

Discharge is the formal release of an in-patient from an acute care institution after a period of "hospitalization". It includes deaths in hospitals, but excludes same-day separations and transfers to other care units within the same institution, unless otherwise stated.
The discharge rates are expressed by the number per 100 000 population. These rates are calculated by the OECD Secretariat. Diagnostic chapters (using principal diagnosis) have been defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM). A conversion table from ICD-10 to ICD-9 can be seen below.

ICD categories according to 10 ^th version	ICD-10	ICD-9
All causes	A00-Z99	001-999
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases	A00-B99	001-139
HIV disease	B20-B24	042-044
Malignant neoplasm	C00-C97	140-208
Malignant neoplasm of colon, rectum, recto sigmoid junction and anus	C18-C21	153-154
Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, lung	C33-C34	162
Malignant neoplasm of female breast	C50 (female)	174
Malignant neoplasm of prostate	C61	185
Diseases of the blood & blood-forming organs	D50-D89	280-289
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders	E00-E89	240-279
Diabetes mellitus	E10-E14	250
Diseases of nervous system and sense organs	G00-H95	320-389
Senile cataract	H25	366.1
Otitis media	H65-H66	381-382
Diseases of the circulatory system	I00-I99	390-459
Ischaemic heart disease	I20-I25	410-414
Acute myocardial infarction	I21-I22	410
Cerebrovascular disease	I60-I69	430-438
Diseases of the respiratory system	J00-J98	460-519
Pneumonia & influenza	J10-J18	480-487
Bronchitis, asthma and emphysema	J40-J43, J45, J46	490-493
Disease of the digestive system	K00-K92	520-579
Gastric, duodenal, peptic, ulcers	K25-K28	531-534
Appendicitis	K35-K38	540-543
Inguinal and femoral hernia	K40-K41	550
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	K70, K73-K74, K76	571
Cholelithiasis	K80	574
Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue	L00-L98	680-709
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue	M00-M99	710-739
Arthrosis	M15-M19	715
Intervertebral disc disorders	M50-M51	722
Osteoporosis	M80-M81	733.0
Diseases of the genitourinary system	N00-N99	580-629
Complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium	O00-O99	630-676
Normal delivery	O80	650
Certain conditions arising in the perinatal period	P00-P96	760-779
Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosonal abnormalities	Q00-Q99	740-759
Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, n.e.c.	R00-R99	780-799
Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes	S00-T98	800-999
Fracture of neck of femur	S72.0-S72.2	820

Sources & Methods

Hungary

GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).
* Includes same day discharges.
* There is a break in some series between 2001 and 2002. In order to make an adjustment to the OECD definition, GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs) has modified the examined ICD ranges from 2002. Before 2002, the ICD-9 groups given by OECD were translated to ICD-10. From 2002, those ICD-10 categories were taken as the basis.

Total surgical in-patients

Patients who are given invasive surgical treatment, whether on an emergency or elective basis, and who stay over at least one night in an in-patient institution.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).

Total surgical day cases

Patients who are given invasive surgical treatment (elective surgeries only) which are carried out in a dedicated surgical unit or part of a hospital and which lead to discharge on the day of the operation.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).

Surgical procedures by ICD-9-CM

Cataract surgery (13.1-13.7)
Tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy (28.2-28.3)
Percutaneous coronary interventions (PTCA and stenting) (36.0)
Coronary stenting (36.06)
Coronary bypass (36.1)
Cardiac catheterisation (37.21-37.23)
Pacemakers (37.8)
Ligation/stripping of varicose veins (38.5)
Appendectomy (47.0)
Cholecystectomy (51.2)
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (51.23)
Inguinal and femoral hernia (53.0-53.3)
Prostatectomy (transurethral) (60.2)
Prostatectomy (excluding transurethral) (60.3-60.6)
Hysterectomy (vaginal only) (68.5)
Caesarean section (74.0-74.2, 74.4, 74.99)
Hip replacement (81.51-81.53)
Knee replacement (81.54-81-55)
Breast conserving surgery (85.2)
Mastectomy (85.4)

Surgical procedures (ICD-9-CM) - Definition

All invasive therapies performed as day cases (where applicable) and in-patient surgery, where in-patient surgery is defined as a surgical procedure which is performed with an overnight stay in an in-patient institution. Selected surgical procedures are listed according to the classification ICD-9-CM. Data collected is the number of day cases (where applicable) and in-patient procedures. The rates per 100,000 population are calculated by the OECD Secretariat.

Please note that there may be different classifications used by countries. Consequently there may be comparability issues associated with mapping the country coding system across countries to the codes proposed in OECD Health Data 2004. Please also note that some countries report all procedures while others report only the main procedure during a hospital stay. This also limits data comparability. Please refer to the country notes below.

Sources & Methods

Note that data for Caesarean sections per 1000 live births for European countries has been extracted from the WHO (Europe) 'Health For All' database, except for the following countries: Denmark, Finland (from 1987), France (from 1993), Hungary (from 1999), Ireland (1999), Italy (from 1996), Luxembourg, Portugal, Slovak Republic (from 1994), Switzerland (2002), United Kingdom.

Hungary

GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).

Transplants and dialyses

The number of transplants conducted according to national and local registries, measured as procedures per 100 000 population. Transplants are collected for:
- Bone marrow
- Heart
- Liver
- Lung
- Kidney

Functioning kidney transplants
End-stage renal failure patients
Patients undergoing dialysis
Patients undergoing home dialysis

Sources & Methods

Hungary

European Transplant Coordinator Organization.
* Heart/Heart-Lung; Liver: 1995.
* From 1999, the source is GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs).

Functioning kidney transplants

The number of functioning kidney transplant patients divided by the total number of end stage renal failure patients.

Note: Please note that the number of functioning kidney transplants reported is cumulative over the years, whereas the number of kidney transplants reported in the same chapter refers to the number of transplants in a given year.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

End-stage renal failure patients (ESRF)

The total number of patients alive on December 31st of each year who are receiving different forms of renal replacement therapy: haemodialysis/haemoinfiltration, intermittent peritoneal dialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), continuous cyclical peritoneal dialysis (CCPD), or with a functioning transplant.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Patients undergoing dialysis

The number of patients with dialysis treatments includes Hospital/Centre and Home Haemodialysis/Haemoinfiltration, Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD), and Continuous Cyclical Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) on December 31st of each year.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (OEP), Statistical Yearbook.

Average number of patients per month.

Patients undergoing home dialysis

The total number of patients treated under haemodialyses/haemoinfiltration at home on December 31st of each year.

Sources & Methods

Hungary 

Health care coverage (share of population covered)

Total health care
In-patient and acute care
Out-patient medical care
Pharmaceutical goods

Share of population eligible for health care benefits (in-kind) under public programmes

This series gives the share of the population which is eligible to health care goods and services that are included in total public health expenditure. Coverage in the sense of this index is therefore independent of the scope of cost-sharing.
Every person that is eligible for medical goods and services that would be reported under total public health expenditure is according to this definition covered for (total) health care.
Every person that is eligible for in-patient services that would be reported under total in-patient health expenditure is according to this definition covered for in-patient services. The other categories are defined analogously.

Note: More discussion on these topics is included in the following publications:
- Financing and Delivering Health Care, OECD, Paris (1987), Chapter 3, and
- The Reform of Health Care: A Comparative Analysis of Seven OECD Countries, OECD, Paris 1992.
Eligibility for medical benefits is reviewed at regular intervals in the following publications:
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Social Security Programs throughout the World, Washington, D.C. (several issues).
- EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, Comparative Tables of the Social Security Systems in the Member States of the European Communities, Brussels (several issues).
- COUNCIL OF EUROPE, Comparative Tables of the Social Security in the Member States of the Council of Europe, Strasbourg (several issues).
- NORDIC STATISTICAL SECRETARIAT, Social Security in the Nordic Countries, Scope, Expenditure and Financing, Copenhagen (several issues).

Most social security arrangements link entitlement to labor force participation and therefore, employment surveys are an important source of data.
When the funding is universal (i.e. covers the entire resident population), the coverage index is not difficult to construct. When insurance is the dominant option, the construction of a coverage index requires a calculation of each group of the labor force (private sector blue and white collars, public sector employees, the self-employed, farmhands, farmers, clergymen) plus the non-active population entitled to medical benefits.
Crude indices representing orders of magnitude have been established by broad categories of benefits. While synthetic indicators, they are considered as reasonable proxies of the "coverage" variable required by macro-economic and macro-social analysts until such time as coverage will be supplied through routine statistics.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Ministry of Welfare.
* From 1990 the total mid-year population is provided. Since 1990, the funding system in Hungary is based on Social Insurance system resulting in almost universal coverage. Entitlements are linked primarily to the labor force, but also non actives are entitled on different ways (by parents, by government etc.) Entitlement of only those living exclusively on capital benefits depend on their own will. Before 1990 entitlement was linked to citizenship.

Pharmaceutical consumption by DDDs

Pharmaceutical consumption according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) system, created by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology.

The Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification system divides drugs into different groups according to the organ system on which they act and/or therapeutical, pharmacological and chemical characteristics. The main principles for the classification of medicinal substances according to the ATC is presented in the publication “Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment” , WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Oslo. The publication “ATC Index with DDDs” lists all assigned ATC codes and DDD values. Both these publications are updated annually. The ATC codes below are based on the 2004 version of the ATC Index, which can be browsed at www.whocc.no/atcddd/.

The unit of measurement is Defined Daily Dose (DDD), defined as the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used on its main indication in adults.

Codes (2004 Index)	Main groups / groups based on five levels
A	Alimentary tract and Metabolism
A02A	Antacids
A02B	Drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
A10	Drugs used in diabetes
B	Blood and Blood Forming Organs
C	Cardiovascular System
C01A	Cardiac glycosides
C01B	Antiarrhythmics, Class I and III
C02	Antihypertensives
C03	Diuretics
C07	Beta blocking agents
C08	Calcium channel blockers
C09	Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system
C10A	Cholesterol and triglyceride reducers
G03	Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system
J	Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
J01	Antibacterials for systemic use
M	Musculo-skeletal System
M01A	Antinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids
N	Nervous System
N02	Analgesics
N05B	Anxiolytics
N05C	Hypnotics and sedatives
N06A	Antidepressants
R	Respiratory System
R03	Drugs for obstructive airway disease

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook of Health and Social Statistics.
MIS Consulting Rt. The Pharmaceutical Marketing Information System is a drug research company operating in Hungarian and international markets. Pharmaceutical sales

Total pharmaceutical sales
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism
B - Blood and blood forming organs
C - Cardiovascular system
D - Dermatologicals
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones
H - Systemic hormonal preparations (excluding sex hormones and insulins)
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents
M - Musculo-skeletal system
N - Nervous system
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents
R - Respiratory system
S - Sensory organs
V - Various
Products not elsewhere classified

Sales of pharmaceutical products on the domestic market by Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) groups.

The ATC codes are based on the 2004 version of the ATC Index and should express sales in Pharmacy Retail Price (which means the price out of pharmacy, i.e. the price to the patient).

Total sales of pharmaceutical product deliveries to pharmacies and hospitals by the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC 2004) groups at retail prices. Depending on the allocation of products with more than one use, differences may occur across country, which then affects the size of specific ATC groups. Differences are likely to occur depending on whether data is for hospitals, wholesalers, pharmacies or other sources.

Sources & Methods


Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook of Health and Social Statistics.
MIS Consulting Rt. The Pharmaceutical Marketing Information System is a drug research company operating in Hungarian and international markets.

Alcohol consumption in liters per capita (age 15+)

Annual consumption of pure alcohol in liters, per person, aged 15 years and over.

Note: Methodology to convert alcoholic drinks to pure alcohol may differ across countries. Typically beer is weighted as 4-5%, wine as 11-16% and spirits as 40% of pure alcohol equivalent.

Sources and Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook Of Hungary.
* From 1990 the annual consumption of pure alcohol in liters, per person, aged 15 years and over.

Tobacco consumption in grams per capita (15+)

Annual consumption of tobacco items (e.g. cigarettes, cigars) in grams per person aged 15 years or more.

Note: The methodology to convert tobacco items into grams may differ across countries. Typically a cigarette weighs approximately 1 gram of which the tobacco content can vary between 65 - 100% depending on the type of cigarette; a cigar weighs approximately 2 grams and contains a similar proportion of tobacco as a cigarette.

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook Of Hungary.

*From 1990 the annual consumption of pure tobacco in grams, per person, aged 15 years and over.

Average number of cigarettes per smoker per day (15+)

The average number of cigarettes per smoker per day.

Sources and Methods

Hungary

Johan Béla National Center of Epidemiology, National Population Health Survey (OLEF).

*Data for 2000 is percentage of tobacco users (regular and daily smokers) 18+ years, National Health Interview Survey 2000.

*Data for 2003 is percentage of tobacco users (regular and daily smokers) 18+ years, National Health Interview Survey 2003.

Daily smokers

Daily smokers is defined as the percentage of the population aged 15 or more years who report that they are daily smokers.
Note: International comparability is limited due to the lack of standardization in the measurement of smoking habits in health interview surveys across OECD countries. There is variation in the wording of the question, the response categories and the related administrative methods.

A standard health interview survey instrument to measure smoking habits in a population has been recommended by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. The recommendation is described in detail in the publication: "Health Interview Surveys: Towards International Harmonization of Methods and Instruments" WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1996.

The instrument comprises the following questions:
1. Do you smoke?
-Yes, daily
-Yes, occasionally (go to question 3)
-No (go to question 4)
2. How many cigarettes do you usually smoke on average each day?
- Does not smoke cigarettes
- Fewer than 20
- 20 or more (heavy smokers)

Sources & Methods

Hungary

Johan Béla National Center of Epidemiology, National Population Health Survey (OLEF).
* Questionnaire survey based on representative samples, started in 2000, repeated in about every 3 years. The survey is conducted for the population aged 18 years and over (not 15).

Overweight or obese population

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a single number that evaluates an individual's weight status in relation to height (weight/height ²) with weight in kilograms and height in meters. Estimates relate to the adult population (normally the population aged 15+ unless otherwise stated) and are based on national health interview surveys for most countries (self-reported data), except for Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States where estimates are based on the actual measurement of weight and height. This difference in survey methodologies limits data comparability, as estimates arising from the actual measurement of weight and height are significantly higher than those based on self-report.

Overweight is defined as a BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m ² .

Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 kg/m ² or more.

Overweight or obese population is the sum of the population with a BMI over 25 kg/m ² .

Sources and Methods

Hungary

Johan Béla National Center of Epidemiology, National Population Health Survey (OLEF).
* Questionnaire survey based on representative samples, started in 2000, repeated in about every 3 years. The survey is conducted for the population aged 18 years and over (not 15).